When is it appropriate to include authorship in a manuscript?

Including authorship in a manuscript is appropriate when individuals have contributed substantially to the research. This principle is grounded in the ethical standards of research and publication, which emphasize that authorship should reflect significant contributions to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. It ensures that those who have made meaningful contributions to the work receive appropriate credit and recognition in the academic community.

Authorship not only acknowledges individuals' efforts but also holds them accountable for the content of the manuscript. This aligns with the responsible conduct of research, promoting transparency and integrity in scholarly communication. It is essential that anyone listed as an author meets the criteria for authorship, which typically includes making a substantial intellectual contribution to the work rather than merely providing assistance or funding.

Including authorship only when a manuscript is completed, after publication, or based on external funding does not align with the core principles of ethical authorship. These criteria can lead to misrepresentation of contribution and undermine the integrity of the research process.