What is the typical first main phase in response to a research misconduct allegation?

The typical first main phase in response to a research misconduct allegation is the inquiry phase. This initial step serves as a preliminary evaluation to determine whether there is enough credible evidence to proceed to a formal investigation. During the inquiry, a small group of individuals typically examines the allegations and any related information to assess whether the misconduct claims warrant a more in-depth investigation. The purpose of this phase is to gather initial facts and make a decision on whether further actions are needed.

The inquiry phase is crucial as it aims to prevent unnecessary formal investigations based solely on unsubstantiated claims. If the inquiry panel finds enough evidence to suggest potential misconduct, it can then move forward to the investigation phase, which involves a more thorough examination of the evidence and circumstances surrounding the allegations. This structured approach ensures that resources are properly allocated and that the rights of all parties involved are considered during the process.

In this context, the other options—investigation, review, and evaluation—are subsequent stages or different processes that occur after the inquiry has established the need for further examination or are not formal phases in the misconduct response process.