What is meant by "active consent" in research?

"Active consent" in research refers to the need for explicit agreement from participants before they can be included in a study. This involves informing participants about the nature of the research, potential risks, benefits, and their rights, including the right to withdraw at any time without penalty. By requiring participants to provide their express consent, researchers ensure that individuals are fully aware of what their participation entails and are voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study.

This strict requirement for explicit agreement differentiates active consent from other forms of consent, where participation might be assumed unless individuals explicitly opt-out or where their involvement may be inferred simply from their actions. This emphasis on clarity and affirmation respects the autonomy of the participants and is essential for ethical research practices, ensuring transparency and fostering trust between researchers and stakeholders.